Genetic testing has become a common part of fertility treatment, especially for couples dealing with repeated IVF failure or known genetic conditions. In Thailand, clinics are increasingly offering different testing options, helping couples choose embryos that are more likely to lead to a healthy pregnancy. One of the most well-known options is preimplantation genetic diagnosis, often shortened to PGD.
Understanding What PGD Is
PGD refers to testing embryos for specific genetic diseases before implantation. It’s often recommended for couples who are carriers of hereditary conditions or who already have a child with a genetic disorder. This allows doctors to select embryos that do not carry the faulty gene before transferring them.
Types of Testing Under the PGT Umbrella
People often confuse PGD with other types of preimplantation genetic testing. In reality, PGD is now considered a subtype under the broader category of PGT. The main types include:
- PGT-A: This looks for chromosomal abnormalities. It’s useful for people with a history of miscarriage, older maternal age, or failed IVF cycles.
- PGT-M: This is the current term for what used to be called PGD. It tests for specific inherited disorders like cystic fibrosis or thalassemia.
- PGT-SR: This focuses on structural rearrangements in chromosomes. It’s used when one parent carries a balanced translocation or other chromosomal changes.
Why It’s Done Before Implantation
Doing the testing before transferring the embryo gives doctors more control over the IVF process. It helps reduce the risk of miscarriage, increases the chance of implantation, and allows couples to avoid passing on serious conditions. The goal is to improve both safety and success rates.
Is It Always Necessary?
Not everyone needs it. For younger couples with no history of genetic issues, it may not be required. However, for those with family histories of inherited diseases, older age, or previous unsuccessful IVF attempts, PGD can be a helpful tool.
How the Procedure Works
The embryo is grown to the blastocyst stage, usually five to six days after fertilization. A few cells are removed and sent to a lab for testing. The embryos are then frozen while waiting for the results. Once a healthy embryo is identified, it’s thawed and transferred during a future cycle.
Availability in Thailand
Many fertility clinics in Thailand now offer various forms of PGT. They often work with local or overseas labs to get results quickly and accurately. Costs vary depending on how many embryos are tested and the type of testing chosen.
Choosing the Right Type of Test
Not all patients need the same kind of testing. A good clinic will explain the differences and recommend the right option based on medical history, age, and any known genetic risks. Asking the right questions upfront helps make the process clearer.
PGT options are expanding every year. Understanding the basics allows couples to take an informed step toward building their families.
